A propeller shaft is a component in automobile engines that transfers power from the gearbox to the differential. It is also used in a boat and a flying machine. The shaft is also known as a driveshaft, driving shaft, tail shaft, or even Cardan shaft.
In this reading, we’ll explore what a propeller shaft is, its diagram, parts, types, and how it works.
Let’s get started!
What Is A Propeller Shaft?
Propeller shafts are said to be mechanical components that transmit torque and rotation. It’s used to connect other components and drive trains that cannot be connected due to distance. A driveshaft is also widely used in marine, aviation, etc. for the same purpose. The shaft must be strong enough to bear the stress as it experiences torsion and shear stress during the transmission.
The load-bearing is equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load. There is some supportive component in a vehicle that a propeller shaft relies on. These components include universal joints, jaw couplings, or rag joints.
Diagram Of A Propeller Shaft
Major Parts Of The Propeller Shaft
Below are the parts of the propeller shaft:
- Universal joints: the function of this part is to transfer the engine’s torque to the rear axle.
- Splines: the splines are located at the ends of the shaft in the sleeve. Its function is to permit the length variation between the driving and the driven unit to vary slightly. It also prevents the input and output bearings from being damaged.
- Flange: it serves as support for the propeller shaft and gearbox joint.
- The main bearing: also supports and guides the propeller shaft.
Types Of Driveshafts
In a vehicle, a longitudinal shaft is used to deliver power from the engine or transmission to the other end of the vehicle. A pair of short drive shafts are commonly used to send power to some other component before reaching the wheel. Below are the various drive shafts used in an automobile engine:
Single-Piece Shaft
This is used in a vehicle with a short distance between the engine and axles. Usually four-wheel-drive vehicles. Friction welding is done at the junction to improve the strength, quality, and durability of the junction.
Two-Piece/Three-Piece Propeller Shaft
This is used in vehicles with a long distance between the engine and axles. The section of the propeller shaft into two- or three-parts allows the critical number of revolutions to reduce or prevent vibration issues from occurring.
How A Propeller Shaft Works
The propeller shaft rotates in response to the car’s motion. The shaft then goes up and down based on road conditions, whether the road is level or not. As the car goes over uneven ground, the propeller shaft rotates up and down.
A change in shaft length occurs when the propeller shaft moves up and down. This adjustment helps to maintain the car’s transmission system’s distance so that it keeps operating as intended. So, the driveshaft has a universal joint built in to keep the distance and make sure it doesn’t affect any other parts.