A heater core is a component used to heat a car’s interior. A winding tube in the core acts as a heat exchanger between the hot coolant from the car’s engine and the cabin air. The fins on the core tubes increase heat transmission to fan-blown air, heating the passenger compartment.
The device is like a smaller radiator that works along with a vehicle cooling system. However, heater cores do the opposite job from the radiator, removing heat from the hot coolant and dispersing it into the atmosphere. The heater core also takes heat away from the hot coolant but pumps the heat with a blower motor into the car cabin through the air vents.
In this reading, we’ll learn what a heater core is, its functions, diagram, types, and how it works.
Let’s get started!
What Is A Heater Core?
A heater core is a device that is used to transfer heat from the engine’s hot coolant to produce warm air to the car interior. This radiator-like component is a system that heats the cabin of the vehicle. The hot coolant absorbs heat from the engine to avoid overheating; it’s then passed through a winding tube of the core.
There is a heat exchange between the coolant and cabin air, and a fan is attached to the core tubes, which helps to increase the surface area for heat transfer to air that passes through them. It thereby warms up the passenger compartment. Now you can see the primary function of a heater core is to keep the interior of a vehicle warm.
Functions of a Heater Core
The heater core is a crucial component in a car heater; its primary function is heating the cabin and enhancing visibility in cold weather. It is a heat exchanger located in the HVAC loop, following the evaporator and ventilation blower. As an air/water heat exchanger, it uses engine cooling liquid energy to increase cabin temperature.
The heater core’s main functions include providing comfort by transferring hot air from the engine and cooling system into the vehicle’s interior and ensuring driving safety by removing ice and condensation from the vehicle’s windscreen and windows, thereby improving visibility during cold weather and snowy conditions.
Related: What Is A Cooling System? Its Diagram and How It Works
Diagram
How A Heater Core Works
When you turn on the heater in your vehicle, the hot coolant travels from the engine to the heater core, which is situated within the dashboard of the vehicle. The air conditioner’s fan drives air through the heater core, which in turn warms the air within the vehicle through the vents.
The heater core, a smaller version of the radiator at the front of a car, functions as a radiator and it requires coolant, a 50/50 mix of water and antifreeze to work effectively. The engine warms the coolant to near-boiling temperatures, absorbing the heat through its metal fins.
When the heater is turned on, hot coolant flows from the engine to the heater core, located inside the car’s dash. A fan blows air through the core, heating the interior. A single fan and vent system provides hot, cold, or somewhere in-between air through a series of small doors.
One door opens to allow air through the heater core when the heater is on, while others control which vents the air flows through, directing it to the defroster, floor, or dashboard vents depending on the settings.
Control and Circulation
The heater core is a crucial component in maintaining the temperature of the vehicle’s interior. The thermostat regulates it, maintaining the coolant temperature at a set point. The temperature of the air entering the vehicle’s interior can be controlled using a valve limiting the amount of coolant that goes through the heater core.
Another method is blocking off the heater core with a door and directing incoming air around it to prevent heating. Some cars use a combination of these systems, with simpler systems allowing the driver to control the valve or door directly, while more complex systems use electromechanical actuators and thermistors to deliver air at a precise temperature.
Symptoms Of Bad Heater Core
Below are the signs or symptoms of the bad and failing heater core in internal combustion engines:
Inoperative Heater
When the heater completely stops functioning due to a clog in the cooling system, that is one common sign of a bad heater core. If this happens, there probably won’t be leaks in the system, but the heater core will find it difficult to work.
Slim Film On The Windows
A faulty heater core will build up a slimy film on the vehicle windows. This film is just like those fog patches that appear when the temperature outside is much colder than the one inside. This often occurs when the heater core fails, but it is made up of slimy coolant in this situation. The fogging is also a sign that the heater core is leaking, which is a cause for engine overheating.
A Sweet Smell In The Car Interior
Another symptom of the bad heater core is a sudden sweet smell in the car. In this situation, the fogging appears with a sweet smell that suddenly fills the cabin. The smell might be sweet and fruity but it is completely bad for humans to inhale. Driving a car with a bad heater core is dangerous, so fix it right away. It can lead to overheating and cause huge damage to the engine.
Related: What Is An Oil Cooler? Its Function And How It Works
Common Problems of Heater Core
Car heaters can malfunction due to various factors, including slow heat, no heat, a hot engine, low coolant, no heat, a cold engine, and a thermostat. Normal engine temperature and coolant level, door stuck, and hot air with little or no airflow. The heater core acts as a second radiator, helping cool the engine and preventing it from warming up too quickly.
If the heater core is cold and the engine overheats, it may be due to a bad water pump or a stuck thermostat. If the engine runs unusually cold and doesn’t warm up, it may be due to a thermostat stuck in the open position. Replacing the thermostat would resolve the issue. If the door to the heater core is stuck closed, the door should open to allow air through the heater core. If the blower fan is broken, the A/C may not work until the blower is replaced.
While some heater repairs may be simple, it is better to be sure you have a professional to fix your air conditioner.